Perado, naranjero salvaje de Madeira (Ilex perado ssp. perado)

Tree to 8-10 m (generally small), evergreen, highly branched, smooth, light grey-brown trunk. Leaves are tough, dark green, up to 9.7 cm long and 6.4 cm wide, varying in shape (obovate to oblong), mucronate, shiny, margins not spiny or sparsely spiny, except for young specimens, which have spines. Flowers are white, 3-5 mm; fruits are red, globose, maximum diameter 1 cm. Ilex perado is found in the archipelagos of the Azores, Madeira and the Canaries, but the subspecies perado is exclusive to the island of Madeira. It is very rare and typical of damp evergreen forests, between 700 and 1,200 m. Although this tree is scarce in the wild, it is a feature of many Madeira gardens, a fine example being those of Ribeiro Frio.